oceanography.app

#Oceanography Application Meta

#Artificial Intelligence

#Globa Change MIT

#Phyto plankton

#Biological Carbon Pump

#Bigelow Laboratory For Ocean Sciences In Maine

#Bermuda Atlantic Time Series Study

#Redfield Ratio

#University Of Washington

#High Powered Optical lnstruments On Floats

#University Of Technology Sydney In Australia

#Mucosphere

#Tara Oceans

#Plankton Oxygen Production

#Autonomous Glider Drone

#Detecting Oxygen And Fluorescence

#Data Transmission

#Position Recording

#Drifting Sediment Traps

#Drifting Buyos

#Current Meters

#Acoustic Doppler Profiler

#Sound Signals

#Biomass Measuring

#Temperature Profile Measuring

#Geophysical Exploration

#Rogue Wave Formation

#Deep Sea Archeology

#Bioligical Oceanography

#Archeoligical Oceanography

#Operational Oceanography

#Conservation Oceanography

#Vulnerable Marine Ecosystem (VME) | One nautical mile in radius | Hub of biodiversity | Made up of organisms especially vulnerable to bottom-fishing gear | Refuge for life forms stressed by rapidly warming ocean

#Mapping offshore seamounts | Seamount communities | Methodology protocol for seamount exploration | Mapping in detail, the high levels of biodiversity | Seamounts conservation requirements | Coral nursery

#Ocean swells | Waves in a fully developed sea outrun the storm that creates them | Traveling great distances from the wind source | Lengthening and reducing in height in the process | Lower frequency waves are called swell waves | Organize into groups smooth and regular in appearance

#Southern Ocean Heat Burp in a Cooling World | Simulating several hundred years of net-negative emissions and gradual global cooling | Abrupt discharge of heat from Southern Ocean modeled | Global mean surface temperature increase of several tenths of degrees lasting for more than a century modeled | Ocean heat burp reasoned to originate from heat previously accumulated under global warming in deep Southern Ocean | Multi-centennial scale climate simulations | Question of the durability of oceanic storage of heat and carbon more urgent as ocean warming is accelerating | As atmospheric CO2 strongly decreases and atmospheric temperature declines, carbon and heat stored in the ocean start to return to the ocean surface | The majority of interior ocean waters ultimately returns to Southern Ocean surface and is reexposed to atmosphere in Southern Ocean | In Southern Ocean density layers outcrop at ocean surface, directly connecting surface to interior ocean thereby regulating oceanic exchange with atmosphere | Combined with persistent large-scale upwelling, Southern Ocean is prominent candidate for release of heat and carbon from ocean interior under reversal of atmospheric CO2 and global cooling | 40% of oceanic uptake of carbon | 80% of oceanic uptake of heat | Earth system model | Mass and energy conserving University of Victoria model UVic | Simulations of long time scales and carbon cycle feedbacks | UVic features atmospheric energy-balance model, ocean circulation and sea-ice model, land biosphere and ocean biogeochemistry with two plankton groups | Horizontal resolution: 3.6 × 1.8 | Ocean model; 19 vertical z-layers with increasing thicknesses over depths from 50m to 500m | Ocean Heat Release Causes Warm Period | Accumulated Heat Pushing up in Southern Ocean | Large-scale upwelling of deep waters in Southern Ocean keep surface temperatures comparatively cool | Southern Ocean serves as window to atmosphere, abruptly releasing heat during event and driving global surface warming and top of atmosphere energy loss, causing heat burp | Climate and Earth system models do not simulate changes in ice sheets and consequently miss the effect of freshwater input to ocean associated with ice sheet mass loss under global warming | Melt water discharge from Antarctic ice sheet triggered by global warming will have an additional, long-lasting freshening effect | Model used lacks a full response of the wind | Model also misses cloud feedbacks | Research underlines both importance of Southern Ocean in climate system and its response to changes in climate system beyond heat and carbon uptake under contemporary rising global temperatures | It is important to continue to improve process understanding of how waters return from interior Southern Ocean and what determines their properties | Interactive ice sheets needed | Observational data collection needed | Deep Argo observing waters below 2,000 m depths needed | Ack: research-unit Biogeochemical Modeling and funding by European Research Council (ERC)